- Jprofiler 10 1 1 – Java Based Applications Example Java
- Jprofiler 10 1 1 – Java Based Applications Example Sentences
- Jprofiler 10 1 1 – Java Based Applications Example Pdf
JProfiler is a Java profiler combining CPU, Memory and Thread profiling in one application. It is developed by ej-technologies and currently in version 10.1. JProfiler is a full-featured Java profiling tool (profiler) dedicated to analyzing J2SE and J2EE applications. Top 10 Reasons why to Choose JProfiler #1 Exceptional ease of use When you profile, you need the most powerful tool you can get. At the same time, you do not want to spend time learning how to use the tool. JProfiler is just that: simple and powerful at the same time. Xrunjprofiler:port=25000 for Java 1.4.2 (JVMPI) or -agentpath:path to jprofilerti library=port=25000 for Java =1.5.0 (JVMTI). Also, please make sure that the same port is configured in the 'Attach to profiled JVM' session in the JProfiler GUI on your local machine. JProfiler is a handy tool that allows you to dynamically profile Java-based applications and and perform an accurate analysis so you can solve problems and optimize performance. The application allows you to provile a JMV running locally, a Java Web Start application, a local or remote application server or browser applets that the Java plugin.
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JProfiler: Get rid of your performance problems and memory leaks!
Training online: Threading Essentials course
Tool Report: JProfiler
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Published June 2002
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Getting Started
JProfiler is a Java profiler combining CPU, Memory and Thread profiling in one application. It is developed by ej-technologies and currently in version 1.2.
JProfiler offers two different kinds of sessions:
- Local sessions which allow you to assemble the information required to start and profile your application in a point and click interface.
- Remote sessions which allow you to attach to any externally started Java application, even on a different computer. This type of session can be used to profile virtually any Java application server.
Jprofiler 10 1 1 – Java Based Applications Example Java
For the example used in this article, we will profile a GUI application using a local session. We have selected the Jclasslib class file browser as our application (available from http://jclasslib.sourceforge.net), a tool for displaying Java class files and bytecode. While Jclasslib provides a lot of insight into the Java class file format, the bytecode display seems to be quite memory intensive and fairly sluggish for displaying large methods. We'll use JProfiler to identify the bottleneck.
If we were starting Jclasslib from the command line, we would use To start Jclasslib using JProfiler, we fill in the same details into the JProfiler sessiondetails window.
First, we create a new session to start the application, then we fill in the same details we would use on the command line: main class; class path; VM parameters. The VM parameters field here is used to change the look and feel of the class file browser.
JProfiler lets you specify which packages you want included in the profile report. This useful feature allows you focus on the bottlenecks separately from the various components of an application. The Jclasslib package starts with
org.
, so we disable the corresponding filter on the 'active filters' tab of the configuration dialog (see second screenshot on the right). This ensures that org.*
classes will be reported in our profile. Now we have configured our session with all the necessary information, we save the session and start it. A terminal window appears, capturing the stdout and stderr output of the profiled application (Jclasslib in this example) and the Jclasslib class file browser appears. During the startup phase JProfiler immediately starts displaying live information in all its views. If you'd rather have static snapshots on demand, there are buttons for freezing all views and fetching data manually in the toolbar.
To identify the bottlenecks in Jclasslib, we now select a very large method to display in the Jclasslib browser window: for our example we will browse the
javax.swing.MetalLookAndFeel.initComponentDefaults
method, which is 9 kB of bytecode. Before we select the method for display, we reset the CPU data in JProfiler to eliminate the profiling information collected during startup of Jclasslib. We are interested in profiling the Jclasslib display action, not the Jclasslib startup. Displaying the javax.swing.MetalLookAndFeel.initComponentDefaults
method in the Jclasslib browser takes quite a long a time, and the heap size expands to a whopping 40 MB. This is the inefficient action we want to look at for our example. We freeze all the views in JProfiler and start working on the analysis.Performance Analysis
Jprofiler 10 1 1 – Java Based Applications Example Sentences
First, we look at the performance problem. Smart player 1 0 25. The key to finding out where all the time is spent is JProfiler's 'Hot spots view'. The top level entries are the most time consuming methods. We can see immediately that most of the time is spent in
javax.swing.AbstractDocument.insertString
(53%) and java.awt.CardLayout.show
(32%). By expanding the top level nodes we get the backtraces showing the various ways the hot spot method was called. Here's where the 'filter sets' we earlier defined come into play. Of course,
javax.swing.AbstractDocument.insertString
calls a zillion other methods, but since javax.
was selected as a filtered package, all these subsequent calls are summed up in the first method that was called from an unfiltered class, typically code written by yourself. What happens inside javax.swing.AbstractDocument.insertString
is the internal mechanics of an external package which is outside your influence. If you were interested, you could always turn off the corresponding filter set. From the CPU profile, we can see that all invocations to
javax.swing.AbstractDocument.insertString
originate in org.gjt.jclasslib.browser.detail.attributes.BytecodeDocument
. This is the document that's used to display the method bytecode in the class file browser. The java.awt.CardLayout.show
was then called when the document was actually displayed. The 'Hot spots view' is a bottom-up view. JProfiler also offers a top-down view displaying the entire call tree. While the 'Hot spots view' cumulates times for all invocation paths, the 'Invocation tree' is perfect for finding single bottlenecks by expanding the tree along the large percentage values. It also gives you a feeling for the execution speed of various application components as well as a bird's eye view of the call flow. This view is useful for debugging as well as profiling.
Both through the 'Hot spots view' and the 'Invocation tree' we arrive at the same conclusion:
javax.swing.AbstractDocument.insertString
is extremely slow (here over 1 ms per call) and preparing the document for rendering is equally costly. Next, we turn to memory profiling to see whether the large heap size is connected to this performance bottleneck.Memory Usage Analysis
When we look at the garbage collector telemetry view, we can see that during the creation of the document a substantial number of short-lived objects are created on the heap. In the allocations monitor (second screen shot on the right), we can show the garbage collected objects by clicking on the trash can in the tool bar. By expanding the call tree along the large instance count values, we arrive at the same trouble spot as detected on the previous page. Below
BytecodeDocument.setupDocument
nearly 2 million objects have been allocated and garbage collected. This certainly constitutes a huge waste of resources completely out of proportion with respect to the performed task. Now we'll use JProfiler's heap walker to examine this allocation problem from a close-up perspective. After taking a heap snapshot, we go to the classes view and find that more than half a million objects and 140000 arrays are still alive on the heap - mostly for displaying the 3000 lines in the bytecode document!
JProfiler's heap walker is quite different from the heap analysis views of competing products in that it operates on arbitrary object sets - and not on objects of a single class only. For every object set you can choose between six different views: classes, allocations, outgoing references, incoming references, class data and instance data. Swinsian 2 0 0 – music manager and player. By selecting items in these views and using the navigation panel on the left, you can add new filter steps and modify your current object set. With the forward and back buttons in the tool bar you can move around in your selection history.
The classes view of the heap walker reveals three issues:
Jprofiler 10 1 1 – Java Based Applications Example Pdf
- there is an enormous amount of
java.lang.ref.Finalizer
objects on the heap, a package-private class that has to do with weak references - there is an equally substantial count of
int
arrays and object arrays (the virtual machine has no type support for arrays of class instances, that's why it's denoted as<class>[]
). Theint
arrays account for the largest chunk of memory. - the heap is littered with small objects from the
javax.swing.text
package - this was to be expected after the previous findings.
Let's find out what these strange finalizer objects do. We add a filter step by selecting
java.lang.ref.Finalizer
, and choose the 'Outgoing references' in the navigation panel. The result is shown in the first screenshot on the right. Since java.lang.ref.Finalizer
is derived from java.lang.ref.Reference
it has a referent
field which holds the content of the weak reference. Consequently, we select this referent
field and choose the 'Classes' option in the navigation panel. As the second screenshot on the right shows, the overwhelming majority of weak references can be attributed to the javax.swing.text
package.Soulver 2 6 8. Finally for object and
int
arrays we go back to the classes view and add filter steps by selecting the item in question and choosing 'Incoming references' from the navigation panel. As a result, the two screenshots on the right show who is referencing these arrays. Again, the javax.swing.text
is responsible for allocating these resources.Conclusion And Outlook
Obtaining a trial copy of JProfiler
To get a 10-day evaluation copy of JProfiler, go to the trial download page, enter your name and e-mail address and download the version for your platform (Windows, Linux X86, Mac OS X or Solaris SPARC). With the Windows version, you get a setup executable that installs JProfiler and launches it right away. When running JProfiler for the first time, a setup wizard comes up and collects the license information that has been mailed to you as well as some information about your runtime environment. When the 'open session' dialog appears, you're ready to go.
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Hordegroupware is an open-source web application.
A web application (or web app) is application software that runs on a web server, unlike computer-based software programs that are stored locally on the Operating System (OS) of the device. Web applications are accessed by the user through a web browser with an active internet connection. These applications are programmed using a client–server modeled structure—the user ('client') is provided services through an off-site server that is hosted by a third-party. Examples of commonly-used web applications include: web-mail, online retail sales, online banking, and online auctions.
Definition and similar terms[edit]
The general distinction between a dynamic web page of any kind and a 'web app' is unclear. Web sites most likely to be referred to as 'web applications' are those which have similar functionality to a desktop software application, or to a mobile app. HTML5 introduced explicit language support for making applications that are loaded as web pages, but can store data locally and continue to function while offline.
Single-page applications are more application-like because they reject the more typical web paradigm of moving between distinct pages with different URLs. Single-page frameworks might be used to speed development of such a web app for a mobile platform.
![Example Example](https://wiki.onap.org/download/attachments/25440364/image2018-3-12_13-42-22.png?version=1&modificationDate=1520833748000&api=v2)
Mobile web application[edit]
There are several ways of targeting mobile devices when making a web application:
- Responsive web design can be used to make a web application - whether a conventional website or a single-page application viewable on small screens that works well with touchscreens.
- Progressive Web Apps (PWA) are web applications that load like regular web pages or websites but can offer the user functionality such as working offline and device hardware access traditionally available only to native mobile applications.
- Native apps or 'mobile apps' run directly on a mobile device, just as a conventional software application runs directly on a desktop computer, without a web browser (and potentially without the need for Internet connectivity); these are typically written in Java (for Android devices) or Objective-C or Swift (for iOS devices). Recently, frameworks allow the development of native apps for all platforms using languages other than each standard native language.
- Hybrid apps embed a web site inside a native app, possibly using a hybrid framework. This allows development using web technologies (and possibly directly copying code from an existing mobile web site) while also retaining certain advantages of native apps (e.g. direct access to device hardware, offline operation, app store visibility). Hybrid app frameworks include Apache Cordova, Electron, Haxe, React Native and Xamarin.
History[edit]
In earlier computing models like client–server, the processing load for the application was shared between code on the server and code installed on each client locally. In other words, an application had its own precompiled client program which served as its user interface and had to be separately installed on each user's personal computer. An upgrade to the server-side code of the application would typically also require an upgrade to the client-side code installed on each user workstation, adding to the support cost and decreasing productivity. In addition, both the client and server components of the application were usually tightly bound to a particular computer architecture and operating system and porting them to others was often prohibitively expensive for all but the largest applications (Nowadays, native apps for mobile devices are also hobbled by some or all of the foregoing issues).
In contrast, web applications use web documents written in a standard format such as HTML and JavaScript, which are supported by a variety of web browsers. Web applications can be considered as a specific variant of client–server software where the client software is downloaded to the client machine when visiting the relevant web page, using standard procedures such as HTTP. Client web software updates may happen each time the web page is visited. During the session, the web browser interprets and displays the pages, and acts as the universal client for any web application.
In the early days of the Web, each individual web page was delivered to the client as a static document, but the sequence of pages could still provide an interactive experience, as user input was returned through web form elements embedded in the page markup. However, every significant change to the web page required a round trip back to the server to refresh the entire page.
In 1995, Netscape introduced a client-side scripting language called JavaScript allowing programmers to add some dynamic elements to the user interface that ran on the client side. So instead of sending data to the server in order to generate an entire web page, the embedded scripts of the downloaded page can perform various tasks such as input validation or showing/hiding parts of the page.
In 1996, Macromedia introduced Flash, a vector animation player that could be added to browsers as a plug-in to embed animations on the web pages. It allowed the use of a scripting language to program interactions on the client side with no need to communicate with the server.
In 1999, the 'web application' concept was introduced in the Java language in the Servlet Specification version 2.2. [2.1?].[1][2] At that time both JavaScript and XML had already been developed, but Ajax had still not yet been coined and the XMLHttpRequest object had only been recently introduced on Internet Explorer 5 as an ActiveX object.[3]
In 2005, the term Ajax was coined, and applications like Gmail started to make their client sides more and more interactive. A web page script is able to contact the server for storing/retrieving data without downloading an entire web page.
In 2014, HTML5 was finalized, which provides graphic and multimedia capabilities without the need of client side plug-ins. HTML5 also enriched the semantic content of documents. The APIs and document object model (DOM) are no longer afterthoughts, but are fundamental parts of the HTML5 specification. WebGL API paved the way for advanced 3D graphics based on HTML5 canvas and JavaScript language. These have significant importance in creating truly platform and browser independent rich web applications.
Interface[edit]
Through Java, JavaScript, DHTML, Flash, Silverlight and other technologies, application-specific methods such as drawing on the screen, playing audio, and access to the keyboard and mouse are all possible. Many services have worked to combine all of these into a more familiar interface that adopts the appearance of an operating system. General purpose techniques such as drag and drop are also supported by these technologies. Web developers often use client-side scripting to add functionality, especially to create an interactive experience that does not require page reloading. Recently, technologies have been developed to coordinate client-side scripting with server-side technologies such as ASP.NET, J2EE, Perl/Plack and PHP.
Ajax, a web development technique using a combination of various technologies, is an example of technology which creates a more interactive experience.
Structure[edit]
Applications are usually broken into logical chunks called 'tiers', where every tier is assigned a role.[4] Traditional applications consist only of 1 tier, which resides on the client machine, but web applications lend themselves to an n-tiered approach by nature.[4] Though many variations are possible, the most common structure is the three-tiered application.[4] In its most common form, the three tiers are called presentation, application and storage, in this order. A web browser is the first tier (presentation), an engine using some dynamic Web content technology (such as ASP, CGI, ColdFusion, Dart, JSP/Java, Node.js, PHP, Python or Ruby on Rails) is the middle tier (application logic), and a database is the third tier (storage).[4] The web browser sends requests to the middle tier, which services them by making queries and updates against the database and generates a user interface.
For more complex applications, a 3-tier solution may fall short, and it may be beneficial to use an n-tiered approach, where the greatest benefit is breaking the business logic, which resides on the application tier, into a more fine-grained model.[4] Another benefit may be adding an integration tier that separates the data tier from the rest of tiers by providing an easy-to-use interface to access the data.[4] For example, the client data would be accessed by calling a 'list_clients()' function instead of making an SQL query directly against the client table on the database. This allows the underlying database to be replaced without making any change to the other tiers.[4]
There are some who view a web application as a two-tier architecture. This can be a 'smart' client that performs all the work and queries a 'dumb' server, or a 'dumb' client that relies on a 'smart' server.[4] The client would handle the presentation tier, the server would have the database (storage tier), and the business logic (application tier) would be on one of them or on both.[4] While this increases the scalability of the applications and separates the display and the database, it still doesn't allow for true specialization of layers, so most applications will outgrow this model.[4]
Business use[edit]
An emerging strategy for application software companies is to provide web access to software previously distributed as local applications. Depending on the type of application, it may require the development of an entirely different browser-based interface, or merely adapting an existing application to use different presentation technology. These programs allow the user to pay a monthly or yearly fee for use of a software application without having to install it on a local hard drive. A company which follows this strategy is known as an application service provider (ASP), and ASPs are currently receiving much attention in the software industry.
Security breaches on these kinds of applications are a major concern because it can involve both enterprise information and private customer data. Protecting these assets is an important part of any web application and there are some key operational areas that must be included in the development process.[5] This includes processes for authentication, authorization, asset handling, input, and logging and auditing. Building security into the applications from the beginning can be more effective and less disruptive in the long run.
Cloud computing model web applications are software as a service (SaaS). There are business applications provided as SaaS for enterprises for a fixed or usage-dependent fee. Other web applications are offered free of charge, often generating income from advertisements shown in web application interface.
![Pdf Pdf](https://miro.medium.com/max/558/0*07dtqglrPqPFRMIr.png)
Development[edit]
Writing web applications is often simplified by the use of web application framework. These frameworks facilitate rapid application development by allowing a development team to focus on the parts of their application which are unique to their goals without having to resolve common development issues such as user management.[6] Many of the frameworks in use are open-source software.
The use of web application frameworks can often reduce the number of errors in a program, both by making the code simpler, and by allowing one team to concentrate on the framework while another focuses on a specified use case. In applications which are exposed to constant hacking attempts on the Internet, security-related problems can be caused by errors in the program. Frameworks can also promote the use of best practices[7] such as GET after POST.
In addition, there is potential for the development of applications on Internet operating systems, although currently there are not many viable platforms that fit this model.
Applications[edit]
Examples of browser applications are simple office software (word processors, online spreadsheets, and presentation tools), but can also include more advanced applications such as project management, computer-aided design, video editing, and point-of-sale.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Alex Chaffee (2000-08-17). 'What is a web application (or 'webapp')?'. Retrieved 2008-07-27.
- ^Davidson, James Duncan; Coward, Danny (1999-12-17). Java Servlet Specification ('Specification') Version: 2.2 Final Release. Sun Microsystems. pp. 43–46. Retrieved 2008-07-27.
- ^'Dynamic HTML and XML and what is XMLHttpRequest Object'. Devtechnosys. Retrieved 2020-06-02.
- ^ abcdefghijPetersen, Jeremy. 'Benefits of using the n-tiered approach for web applications'.
- ^'Top Tips for Secure App Development'. Dell.com. Archived from the original on 2012-05-22. Retrieved 2012-06-22.
- ^Multiple (wiki). 'Web application framework'. Docforge. Retrieved 2010-03-06.
- ^Multiple (wiki). 'Framework'. Docforge. Retrieved 2010-03-06.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Web-based applications. |
- HTML5 Draft recommendation, changes to HTML and related APIs to ease authoring of web-based applications.
- The Other Road Ahead — An article arguing that the future lies on the server, not rich interfaces on the client
- Web Applications at Curlie
- Web Applications Working Group at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_application&oldid=981911379'